API Standard Good equipment, interim management, helping to improve the operability of equipment and utilization, reduce maintenance costs, investment in equipment to get better results. The subsequent management of equipment refers to equipment updates, transformation and end of life management. Performance behind, can not meet the production needs, as well as aging equipment, failure constantly, requires a lot of maintenance costs of equipment, the transformation should be updated.
Equipment management should focus on efficiency, adhere to rely on technological progress and production and business development and prevention-based approach. The scientific concept of development, implementation of national policies, laws and regulations, through technical, economic and organizational measures, the company's main production equipment for the integrated management, adhere to the design, manufacture and use of the combination; a combination of maintenance and planned maintenance; repair, renovation and renewal combined; professional management and public administration; technology management and the principle of combining economic management, to achieve integrated planning and rational purchase, timely installation and proper use, carefully maintained, scientific maintenance, safety, timely rehabilitation and upgrading,
API standard download continue to improve and enhance the quality of technological equipment for the production development, technological progress, improving economic efficiency services.
2011年11月30日星期三
ASME B16.21 2005
Equipment, separation equipment with the early period of administration management, interim management and post-management. Equipment, initial management generally refers to equipment from the date of acceptance,
Revision / Edition: 05 ASME B16.21 2005 Chg: Date: 05/31/05NONMETALLIC FLAT GASKETS FOR PIPE FLANGES
Document Abstract
General
General
ASME Standard covers types, sizes, materials, dimensions, tolerances, and markings for nonmetallic flat gaskets. These gaskets are dimensionally suitable for use with flanges described in the referenced flange standards
Relevant Units
This Standard states values both in metric and U.S. customary units. As an exception, diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes are expressed in inch units only. These systems of units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. customary units are shown in parentheses or in separate tables. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, it is required that each system of units be used independently of the other. Except for diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes, combining values from the two systems constitutes nonconformance with the Standard.
Quality Systems
Requirements relating to the product manufacturers' quality system programs are described in Nonmandatory Appendix A.
References
Standards and specifications adopted by reference in this ASME B16.21 2005 Standard are shown in Mandatory Appendix I
the use of six months or a year's time, the equipment to adjust, use, maintenance, condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, and operation and maintenance personnel training and education, maintenance, technical information collection, processing and all management, equipment, fixed assets, establish files, technical files, and operation and maintenance of original records. Medium-term management of equipment is the equipment after the warranty management.
ASTM F788-F788M - 08
Equipment, equipment in the early management is formally put into operation before the series of management, purchase of equipment selection, should be adequate communication, Revision / Edition: 08 Chg: Date: 11/01/08STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR SURFACE DISCONTINUITIES OF BOLTS, SCREWS, AND STUDS, INCH AND METRIC SERIESDocument AbstractThis specification establishes allowable limits for the various types of ASTM F788-F788M - 08 surface discontinuities that may occur during the manufacture and processing of bolts, screws, and studs, including heat-treated machine screws, tapping screws, and sems (the washers of screw-washer assemblies are excluded). This specification covers metric series products with nominal diameters of 4 mm and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 420 MPa and higher; and inch series products with nominal diameters of No. 5 (0.1250 in.) and larger and with specified minimum tensile strengths of 60 000 psi and higher.When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate control of surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, or studs, the purchaser shall specify conformance to ASTM Specification F 788/F 788M, in the original inquiry and purchase order.When the engineering requirements of the application necessitate that surface discontinuities on bolts, screws, and studs be controlled within limits closer than those specified in this specification, the purchaser shall specify the applicable limits in the original inquiry and purchase order.The allowable limits established in this specification for metric bolts, screws, and studs with nominal diameters from 4 to 24 mm inclusive, are essentially identical with requirements given in ISO 6157/I. There are no ISO standards for surface discontinuities on any inch-series products.The ASTM F788-F788M - 08 values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
withered research, comparison, and selection of tenders, to strengthen technical and economic feasibility studies, full account of sale technology support and operation and maintenance, comprehensive selection of efficient technology and equipment.
withered research, comparison, and selection of tenders, to strengthen technical and economic feasibility studies, full account of sale technology support and operation and maintenance, comprehensive selection of efficient technology and equipment.
ASME Section VIII-DIV-2-2010
Device Manager is based on business objectives, through a series of technical, economic, organizational measures, the whole process of equipment and scientific management,2010 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2: Alternative Rules American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 01-Jul-2010 / 1010 pages These rules provide an alternative to the minimum requirements for pressure vessels under Division 1 rules. In ASME Section VIII-DIV-2-2010 comparison the Division 1, Division 2 requirements on materials, design, and nondestructive examination are more rigorous; however, higher design stress intensify values are permitted. Division 2 rules cover only vessels to be installed in a fixed location for a specific service where operation and maintenance control is retained during the useful life of the vessel by the user who prepares or causes to be prepared the design specifications. These rules may also apply to human occupancy pressure vessels typically in the diving industry.
that the implementation of the planning from the device until the end of life of the whole process from the management. This process can be divided into pre-term management and use of management of two stages.
Summary of ChangesAdded Annex 4.D to Part 4 . Guidance to Accommodate Loadings Produced by Deflagration.Revised Part 4, Para. 4.18 to make ASME Section VIII-DIV-2-2010 Tubesheet Rules consistent with Part UHX of VIII-1.Revised Part 2, Annexes 2.A and 2.B to include additional organizations with reciprocity agreements with recognized organizations.Added Para. 7.3.6 to Part 7 - Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel.Added PWHT rqmts for P-No 10C Group 1 materials into Table 6.15 of Part6.Revised Table 6.11.A to change P-No. 5B Group 2 to P-No. 15E Group 1
ASME B16.21-2011
Establish equipment management information system, using advanced computer and information technology, the use of modern equipment management principles and methods, often in business equipment to ensure good technical condition
.ASME B16.21-2011 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 23-Feb-2011 / 26 pages ScopeThis Standard covers types, sizes, materials, dimensions,tolerances, and markings for nonmetallic flat gaskets.These ASME B16.21-2011 gaskets are dimensionally suitable for use with flanges described in the referenced flange standards.
Full potential of existing equipment, improve its service efficiency and economy, to improve equipment management.
that the implementation of the planning from the device until the end of life of the whole process from the management. This process can be divided into pre-term management and use of management of two stages.
.ASME B16.21-2011 Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 23-Feb-2011 / 26 pages ScopeThis Standard covers types, sizes, materials, dimensions,tolerances, and markings for nonmetallic flat gaskets.These ASME B16.21-2011 gaskets are dimensionally suitable for use with flanges described in the referenced flange standards.
Full potential of existing equipment, improve its service efficiency and economy, to improve equipment management.
that the implementation of the planning from the device until the end of life of the whole process from the management. This process can be divided into pre-term management and use of management of two stages.
API SPEC 19G2 -2010
Equipment management with information sources and more types of broad, complex processing and statistical characteristics of a large quantity. With modern production methods change, the traditional management model as the original slow processing speed, the old approach, the accuracy, reliability and economy are greatly affected
Petroleum and API SPEC 19G2 -2010 natural gas industries-Drilling and production equipment, Part 2-Flow-control devices for side-pocket mandrels, First Edition (ISO 17078-2:2007 Modification) Edition: 1st
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Jun-2010 / 146 pages Scope
API Specification 19G2 provides requirements for subsurface flow-control devices used in side-pocket mandrels (hereafter called flow-control devices) intended for use in the worldwide petroleum and natural gas industry. This includes requirements for specifying, selecting, designing, manufacturing, quality-control, testing and preparation for shipping of flow-control devices. Additionally, it includes information regarding performance testing and
calibration procedures.
The installation and retrieval of flow-control devices is outside the scope of this part of ISO 17078. Additionally,this part of ISO 17078 is not applicable to flow-control devices used in centre-set mandrels or with tubingretrievable applications.
This document does not include requirements for API SPEC 19G2 -2010 side-pocket mandrels, running, pulling, and kick-over tools, and latches that might or might not be covered in other ISO specifications. Reconditioning of used flowcontrol devices is outside of the scope of this part of ISO 17078.
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Jun-2010 / 146 pages Scope
API Specification 19G2 provides requirements for subsurface flow-control devices used in side-pocket mandrels (hereafter called flow-control devices) intended for use in the worldwide petroleum and natural gas industry. This includes requirements for specifying, selecting, designing, manufacturing, quality-control, testing and preparation for shipping of flow-control devices. Additionally, it includes information regarding performance testing and
calibration procedures.
The installation and retrieval of flow-control devices is outside the scope of this part of ISO 17078. Additionally,this part of ISO 17078 is not applicable to flow-control devices used in centre-set mandrels or with tubingretrievable applications.
This document does not include requirements for API SPEC 19G2 -2010 side-pocket mandrels, running, pulling, and kick-over tools, and latches that might or might not be covered in other ISO specifications. Reconditioning of used flowcontrol devices is outside of the scope of this part of ISO 17078.
.Making it difficult to adapt to the needs of modern management. Establish equipment management information system, using advanced computer and information technology,
API SPEC Q1-2010
This paper describes a device management and trends, analysis of the current status of device management. Actively explore the computer-aided facilities management model, the scientific concept of development, through the promotion and application of information management, device management of information technology to promote sustainable development, improve efficiency and create efficiency, improve the management level.
API SPEC Q1-2010 Specification for Quality Programs for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industry, Eighth Edition, Includes API SPEC Q1-2010 Addendum 1 (2010) Edition: 8th
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Dec-2010 / 12 pages
With the development of science and technology. Business-to-device management of a higher demand. Equipment is a major enterprise for production material and technical base, has its own operating rules. Facilities management as an important part of enterprise management, enterprise management subsystem plays the other to promote, protect and restrict the role, affecting the production and business activities. Equipment management with information sources and more types of broad, complex processing and statistical characteristics of a large quantity.
API SPEC Q1-2010 Specification for Quality Programs for the Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industry, Eighth Edition, Includes API SPEC Q1-2010 Addendum 1 (2010) Edition: 8th
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Dec-2010 / 12 pages
With the development of science and technology. Business-to-device management of a higher demand. Equipment is a major enterprise for production material and technical base, has its own operating rules. Facilities management as an important part of enterprise management, enterprise management subsystem plays the other to promote, protect and restrict the role, affecting the production and business activities. Equipment management with information sources and more types of broad, complex processing and statistical characteristics of a large quantity.
2011年11月28日星期一
ISO 6814-2009
Spare parts supplier managed inventory, spare parts warehouse inventory using suppliers that can give full play to
Supplier to the professional advantages of spare parts and maintenance and electrical testing, significant savings in corporate spare parts inventory, maintenance and periodic inspection fees will also avoid many of the spare reserves caused by the aging time is too long or technical eliminated.
ISO 6814:2009 Machinery for forestry — Mobile and selfpropelled machinery — Terms, definitions and classificationInternational Organization for Standardization / 05-May-2009 / 12pages Keywords: ISO 6814Scope Both the definitions and the classification have been determined according to the end use of the machines as intended by the manufacturer. The terms and definitions do not cover all possible forestry and related operations or machinery,nor do they describe specific machines, but are given as an aid to nomenclature. This International Standard is applicable to machines designed for use in forestry for site preparation, planting,harvesting, processing, and the transport of wood and wood fibre. It is not applicable to machines designed to be used exclusively in sawmills or wood yards, to on-highway transport vehicles, or to aerial vehicles.
Spare parts is more real-time network management, dynamic, accurately reflect the inventory, improve the efficiency of spare call.
Supplier to the professional advantages of spare parts and maintenance and electrical testing, significant savings in corporate spare parts inventory, maintenance and periodic inspection fees will also avoid many of the spare reserves caused by the aging time is too long or technical eliminated.
ISO 6814:2009 Machinery for forestry — Mobile and selfpropelled machinery — Terms, definitions and classificationInternational Organization for Standardization / 05-May-2009 / 12pages Keywords: ISO 6814Scope Both the definitions and the classification have been determined according to the end use of the machines as intended by the manufacturer. The terms and definitions do not cover all possible forestry and related operations or machinery,nor do they describe specific machines, but are given as an aid to nomenclature. This International Standard is applicable to machines designed for use in forestry for site preparation, planting,harvesting, processing, and the transport of wood and wood fibre. It is not applicable to machines designed to be used exclusively in sawmills or wood yards, to on-highway transport vehicles, or to aerial vehicles.
Spare parts is more real-time network management, dynamic, accurately reflect the inventory, improve the efficiency of spare call.
ASTM A29/A29M - 05
VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory, VMI) as a new inventory management, inventory management has changed the traditional concept and business model, it is a systematic, integrated thinking for inventory management, supply chain organization to allow the organization of the downstream inventory policy, strategic planning and order management. Based on this idea, the power companies can manage suppliers of spare parts inventory as their virtual inventory, specific methods of operation, materials management and enterprise according to production sectors
A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Footnote 2 - For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-29/SA-29M in Section II of that Code.
ASTM A29/A29M - 05 Revision / Edition: 05 Chg: Date: 05/01/05STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL BARS, CARBON AND ALLOY, HOT-WROUGHT, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FORDocument Abstract(Footnote *)This specification(Footnote 2) covers a group of common requirements which, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or in an individual specification, shall apply to carbon and alloy steel bars under each of the following ASTM specifications (or under any other ASTM specification which invokes this specification or portions thereof):In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements of the purchase order, the individual material specification, and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.For purposes of determining conformance to this specification and the various material specifications referenced in 1.1, dimensional values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E 29.NOTE 1 - Specification A 29 previously listed dimensional tolerances for cold-finished bars; these are now found in Specification A 108.Footnote * - According to the primary production sector plan developed reserves of spare parts, spare parts corresponding with the supplier signed a framework agreement, the supplier warehouse to establish a virtual inventory of the spare parts business. According to the urgency of the demand for spare parts, equipment purchase price by a certain percentage of the value of regular payment of negotiated custody, maintenance and testing costs.
ASME BPVC Section I (1) 2007
The implementation of such spare parts model, the key is the need for a lead organization unit and a network platform. Area adjacent to the lead unit (for example, can save as a geographical unit) organized a number of power plants, inception of the joint body reserves. Of the host plant and the main auxiliary models, specifications, manufacturing plants and other basic information and the existing reserves of the collection, the statistics of the same model, specifications spare parts, and resource integration, spare parts will be separated each member assigned to reserve units.
ASME BPVC Section I (1) 2007 This section provides requirements for all methods of construction of power, electric, and miniature boilers; high temperature water boilers used in stationary service; and power boilers used in locomotive, portable, and traction service.
ASME BPVC Section I (1) 2007 Chg: AD Date: 07/01/09SECTION I - RULES FOR CONSTRUCTIONS OF POWER BOILERSIncludes:1. ASME BPVC-I-AD-2008, 2009 - Amendment Only Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: AD1+AD2 Date: 07/01/08, 07/01/092. ASME BPVC-I-2007 - Base Document Only Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: Date: 00/00/07
Document Abstract
Rules pertaining to use of the V, A, M, PP, S and E Code symbol stamps are also included. The rules are applicable to boilers in which steam or other vapor is generated at a pressures exceeding 15 psig, and high temperature water boilers intended for operation at pressures exceeding 160 psig and/or temperatures exceeding 250 degree F. Superheaters, economizers, and other pressure parts connected directly to the boiler without intervening valves are considered as part of the scope of Section 1.
Electric Power Industry Association organized "Jiangsu Provincial Power Company supplies electricity industry associations collaborative network" has been carrying out such spare parts management is a useful attempt.
ASME A17.1 -2010
Electricity enterprises "Changwangfenkai, bidding" system after the power plant as a business will inevitably face the increasingly fierce market competition.
ASME A17.1-2010 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators (Bi-national standard with CSA B44-10) American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 30-Dec-2010 / 544 pages Scope1.1 Equipment Covered by This Code
This Code covers the design, construction, operation,inspection, testing, maintenance, alteration, and repair of the following equipment and its associated parts,rooms, spaces, and hoistways, where located in or adjacent to a building or structure (see 1.2):
(a) hoisting and lowering mechanisms, equipped with a car, that move between two or more landings.This equipment includes, but is not limited to elevators (see 1.3).
(b) power-driven stairways and walkways for carrying persons between landings. This equipment includes, but is not limited to escalators and moving walks (see 1.3).
(c) hoisting and lowering mechanisms equipped with a car that serves two or more landings and is restricted to the carrying of material by its limited size or limited access to the car. This equipment includes, but is not limited to dumbwaiters and material lifts (see 1.3).1.2 Equipment Not Covered by This Code Equipment not covered by this Code includes, but is not limited to, the following:
(a) personnel hoists within the scope of ANSI A10.4 and CSA-Z185
(b) material hoists within the scope of ANSI A10.5 and CSA-Z256
(c) platform lifts and stairway chairlifts within the scope of ASME A18.1, CSA B355, and CSA B613
(d) manlifts within the scope of ASME A90.1 and CSA B311, and in jurisdictions enforcing NBCC Special Purpose Personnel Elevators (ASME A17.1, Section 5.7)
(e) mobile scaffolds and towers; platforms within the scope of ANSI/SIA A92 and CSA-B354
(f) powered platform and equipment for exterior and interior building maintenance within the scope of ASME A120.1 and CSA-Z271
(g) conveyors and related equipment within the scope of ASME B20.1(h) cranes, derricks, hoists, hooks, jacks, and slings within the scope of ASME B30, CSA Z150, CSA B167,CSA Z202, and CSA Z248
(i) industrial trucks within the scope of ASME B56 and CSA B335
(j) portable equipment, except for portable escalators,that are covered by 6.1
(k) tiering or piling machines used to move material to and from storage located and operating entirely within one story
(l) equipment for feeding or positioning material at machine tools, printing presses, etc.
(m) skip or furnace hoists
(n) wharf ramps
(o) amusement devices
(p) stage and orchestra lifts
(q) lift bridges
(r) railroad car lifts and dumpers
(s) mechanized parking garage equipment
(t) line jacks, false cars, shafters, moving platforms,and similar equipment used for installing an elevator
(u) platform-type elevators installed on board a marine vessel1.3 Application of Parts
ASME A17.1 -2010 This Code applies to new installations only, except Part 1, and 5.10, 8.1, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, and 8.11, that apply to both new and existing installations.1.4 Effective Date
To ensure the safe production and withstand market risks, spare parts necessary to the timely supply of spare parts but also reduce the reserve funds, spare parts management under increasing pressure. At the same time, the Power Generation Group affiliated plants due to geographical dispersion and other reasons, when the accident occurs within the lateral spare group for help difficult.
API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007
In recent years, the power companies have have spare parts on the internal implementation of "unified purchase" and "centralized management"
API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-ServiceRevision/Edition: 2 Chg: Date: 06/05/07Description:The methods and procedures in this Standard are intended to supplement and augment the requirements in API 510, API 570, API 653, and other post construction codes that reference FFS evaluations such as NB-23.The assessment procedures in this Standard can be used for Fitness-For-Service assessments and/or rerating of equipment designed and constructed to the following codesa) ASME B&PV Code, Section VIII, Division 1b) ASME B&PV Code, Section VIII, Division 2c) ASME B&PV Code, Section Id) ASME B31.1 Piping Codee) ASME B31.3 Piping Codef) API 650g) API 620The assessment procedures in this Standard may also be applied to pressure containing equipment constructed to other recognized codes and standards, including international and internal corporate standards. This Standard has broad application since the assessment procedures are based on allowable stress methods and plastic collapse loads for non-crack-like flaws, and the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) Approach for crack-like flaws (see Part 2 , paragraph 2.4.2).a) If the procedures of this Standard are applied to pressure containing equipment not constructed to the codes listed in paragraph 1.2.2, then the user is advised to first review the validation discussion in Annex H. The information in Annex H, along with knowledge of the differences in design codes, should enable the user to factor, scale, or adjust the acceptance limits of this Standard such that equivalent FFS inservice margins can be attained for equipment not constructed to these codes. When evaluating other codes and standards the following attributes of the ASME and API design codes should be considered:1) Material specifications2) Upper and/or lower temperature limits for specific materials3) Material strength properties and the design allowable stress basis4) Material fracture toughness requirements5) Design rules for shell sections6) Design rules for shell discontinuities such as nozzles and conical transitions7) Design requirements for cyclic loads8) Design requirements for operation in the creep range9) Weld joint efficiency or quality factors10) Fabrication details and quality of workmanship11) Inspection requirements, particularly for welded jointsb) As an alternative, users may elect to correlate the pressure-containing component's material specification to an equivalent ASME or API listed material specification to determine a comparable allowable stress. This approach provides an entry point into the ASME or API codes (refer also to Annex A) wherein the pressure-containing component is reconciled or generally made equivalent to the design bases assumed for this Standard. Hence, general equivalence is established and the user may then directly apply the acceptance limits of the Fitness-For-Service procedures contained in this Standard. Equivalent ASME and ASTM material specifications provide a satisfactory means for initiating reconciliation between the ASME and API design codes and other codes and standards. However, the user is cautioned to also consider the effects of fabrication and inspection requirements on the design basis (e.g., joint efficiency with respect to minimum thickness calculation).The Fitness-For-Service assessment procedures in this Standard cover both the present integrity of the component given a current state of damage and the projected remaining life. Assessment techniques are included to evaluate flaws including: general and localized corrosion, widespread and localized pitting, blisters and hydrogen damage, weld misalignment and shell distortions, crack-like flaws including environmental cracking, laminations, dents and gouges, and remaining life assessment procedures for components operating in the creep range. In addition, evaluation techniques are provided for condition assessment of equipment including resistance to brittle fracture, long-term creep damage, and fire damage.Analytical procedures, material properties including environmental effects, NDE guidelines and documentation requirements are included in the Fitness-For-Service assessment procedures in this Standard. In addition, both qualitative and quantitative guidance for establishing remaining life and in-service margins for continued operation of equipment are provided in regards to future operating conditions and environmental compatibility.The Fitness-For-Service assessment procedures in this Standard can be used to evaluate flaws commonly encountered in pressure vessels, piping and tankage.has initially solved theshortcomings of the past scattered reserves of spare parts, to avoid duplication ofreserves to improve the dispersion of spare parts utilization, reduced capital usage.
ISO-DIS 26262-9-2009
This directly linked with the economic interests of management, effective management and use of good construction equipment, more suitable field device management enterprise.ISO-DIS 26262-9-2009 standard Functional safety.Part 9. ASIL-oriented and safety-oriented analyses International Organization For Standards / 08-Dec-2009 / 23 pages ISO-DIS 26262-9-2009 standard.
1. Responsibility for the team to implement the contract system. This responsibility contract system approach is that for teams and groups a clear responsibility to provide power to regulate the principle of reward and punishment, so Miyoshi (management, use, keep repaired), four to understand (understand the principles, structure, performance, usage), the four ( will use, maintenance and repair, inspection, troubleshooting). Effective fulfillment of their own maintenance and repair projects to be undertaken. Routine maintenance such as lubrication, etc., complete and exceeding the fixed targets, raising the mechanical integrity of equipment rates, utilization, and attendance. On the basis of good team work and the task is completed, according to the reward and penalty, to reward, to punish the bad done. This directly linked with the economic interests of management, effective management and use of good construction equipment, more suitable field device management enterprise.
2. ISO-DIS 26262-9-2009 standard Functional safety.Part 9. ASIL-oriented and safety-oriented analyses International Organization For Standards / 08-Dec-2009 / 23 pages ISO-DIS 26262-9-2009 standard.
1. Responsibility for the team to implement the contract system. This responsibility contract system approach is that for teams and groups a clear responsibility to provide power to regulate the principle of reward and punishment, so Miyoshi (management, use, keep repaired), four to understand (understand the principles, structure, performance, usage), the four ( will use, maintenance and repair, inspection, troubleshooting). Effective fulfillment of their own maintenance and repair projects to be undertaken. Routine maintenance such as lubrication, etc., complete and exceeding the fixed targets, raising the mechanical integrity of equipment rates, utilization, and attendance. On the basis of good team work and the task is completed, according to the reward and penalty, to reward, to punish the bad done. This directly linked with the economic interests of management, effective management and use of good construction equipment, more suitable field device management enterprise.
2. ISO-DIS 26262-9-2009 standard Functional safety.Part 9. ASIL-oriented and safety-oriented analyses International Organization For Standards / 08-Dec-2009 / 23 pages ISO-DIS 26262-9-2009 standard.
ASTM F1166 - 07
Responsibility for the team to implement the contract system. This responsibility contract system approach is that for teams and groups a clear responsibility to provide power to regulate the principle of reward and punishment,
Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: Date: 01/01/07STANDARD PRACTICE FOR HUMAN ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR MARINE SYSTEMS,EQUIPMENT, AND FACILITIES
Document Abstract
This practice provides ergonomic design criteria from a human-machine perspective for the design and construction of maritime vessels and ASTM F1166 - 07 structures and for equipments, systems, and subsystems contained therein, including vendor-purchased hardware and software.
This practice provides ergonomic design criteria from a human-machine perspective for the design and construction of maritime vessels and ASTM F1166 - 07 structures and for equipments, systems, and subsystems contained therein, including vendor-purchased hardware and software.
The focus of these design criteria is on the design and evaluation of human-machine interfaces, including the interfaces between humans on the one side and controls and displays, physical environments, structures, consoles, panels and workstations, layout and arrangement of ship spaces, maintenance workplaces, labels and signage, alarms, computer screens, material handling, valves, and other specific equipments on the other.
The criteria contained within this practice shall be applied to the design and construction of all hardware and software within a ship or maritime structure that the human crew members come in contact in any manner for operation, habitability, and maintenance purposes.
Unless otherwise stated in specific provisions of a ship or maritime structure design contract or specification, this practice is to be used to design maritime vessels, structures, equipment, systems, and subsystems to fit the full potential user population range of 5th % females to 95th % males.
This practice is divided into the following sections and ASTM F1166 - 07 subsections:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Effective fulfillment of their own maintenance and repair projects to be undertaken. Routine maintenance such as lubrication, etc., complete and exceeding the fixed targets, raising the mechanical integrity of equipment rates, utilization, and attendance. On the basis of good team work and the task is completed, according to the reward and penalty, to reward, to punish the bad done.
ASME BPVC-CC-BPV-2010
Social development, management should update, device management must continue to seek new management. Responsibility in project cost accounting, the strengthening of device management are the following modes.
ASME_BPVC-CC-BPV-2010 ASME CodeCases: BPV2010 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Code Cases: Boilers and Pressure Vessels American Society of ASME_BPVC-CC-BPV-2010 Mechanical Engineers / 01-Jul-2010 / 730 pages
First, to enhance learning, raise awareness
Management staff to enhance learning, knowledge of additional equipment management, cost accounting responsibility to truly understand the content, features and themes, and new management in innovation to adapt to changing circumstances, should strive to learn the laws and regulations device management file, managers to understand not only their own, but also vigorously promote education, so that each employee to understand the importance of device management, device management know and understand the relevant knowledge and higher provisions continue to raise awareness. Only from the guidelines and actions to strengthen equipment management, cost accounting methods to master in order to achieve the increased intensity of device management and accounting purposes.
Second, to strengthen the basic work, establish and perfect rules and regulations
To effectively improve equipment management accounting, technical file, to fully understand the technical condition of each device, to keep accurate and reliable data and information for the rational use, plan repair, machinery and equipment used to determine the fee. To establish a well-established rules and regulations, such as the construction site of the "parts management system", "repair system", "safety management system", "equipment maintenance system" and so on. Act by chapter, penalties and rewards, so that the device management to a new level, to achieve best value for money.
Third, the rational allocation of equipment, clear responsibilities
Construction project leader responsible to adhere to the project according to the scale of investment, the nature of projects, construction design requirements and the provisions of the tender to develop a practical, scientific and rational allocation plan construction equipment, construction equipment so that the configuration of the model, specifications, capabilities environmental and engineering tasks and adapt to match the amount of formation and construction of mechanical construction, to prevent one-sided pursuit of construction equipment, new, large, more advanced tendencies. Meanwhile, equipment management should be based on project engineering assignments, preparation of annual, quarter, month mechanical construction plans. Through the plan of construction equipment, reasonable mobility, and predict the possible construction of equipment failure, protect the timely completion of construction tasks. In the device, the operator must be in strict accordance with the rules and technical performance to operate, not illegal operation, not overloaded, not with fault operation, and maintenance personnel to use sign "set two" "three" and "Miyoshi" "four" letters of responsibility, to ensure that equipment in good repair, so that the normal construction.
ASME B16.36-2009
Orifice Flanges ASME B16.36-2009 American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 04-Nov-2009 / 30 pages SCOPE
This Standard covers flanges (similar to those covered in ASME B16.5) that have orifice pressure differential connections. Coverage is limited to the following:
(a) welding neck flanges Classes 300, 600, 900, 1500,and 2500. U.S. Customary units are presented in Mandatory Appendix I.
(b) slip-on and threaded Class 300.
(c) welding neck flanges Class 400 in U.S. ASME B16.36-2009 Customary units in Mandatory Appendix II.
This Standard covers flanges (similar to those covered in ASME B16.5) that have orifice pressure differential connections. Coverage is limited to the following:
(a) welding neck flanges Classes 300, 600, 900, 1500,and 2500. U.S. Customary units are presented in Mandatory Appendix I.
(b) slip-on and threaded Class 300.
(c) welding neck flanges Class 400 in U.S. ASME B16.36-2009 Customary units in Mandatory Appendix II.
API STD 1104 2008
Enterprises in order to meet market needs, enhance cost management, reduce costs, improve economic efficiency of enterprises, the company will carry out all steps of cost control. But the administration is a great difficulty, especially construction machinery and equipment reliability and cost of machinery and equipment more difficult to control, therefore, it has become an important part of controlling costs.Welding of Pipelines and API STD 1104 2008 Related FacilitiesRevision / Edition: 20 Chg: W/ ERTA Date: 12/00/08Incorporates Errata 1 (2007) and 2 (2008)Document AbstractThis standard covers the gas and arc welding of butt, fillet, and socket welds in carbon and low-alloy steel piping used in the compression, pumping, and transmission of crude petroleum, petroleum products, fuel gases, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and, where applicable, covers welding on distribution systems. It applies to both new construction and in-service welding. The welding may be done by a shielded metal-arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas tungsten-arc welding, gas metal-arc welding, flux-cored arc welding, plasma arc welding, oxyacetylene welding, or flash butt welding process or by a combination of these processes using a manual, semiautomatic, mechanized, or automatic welding technique or a combination of these techniques. The welds may be produced by position or roll welding or by a combination of position and roll welding.This standard also covers the procedures for radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and ultrasonic testing, as well as the acceptance standards to be applied to production welds tested to destruction or inspected by radiographic, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and visual testing methods.The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Each system is to be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.Processes other than those described above will be considered for inclusion in this standard. Persons who wish to have other processes included shall submit, as a minimum, the API STD 1104 2008 following information for the committee's consideration:A description of the welding process.A proposal on the essential variables.A welding procedure specification.Weld inspection methods.Types of weld imperfections and their proposed acceptance limits.Repair procedures.It is intended that all work performed in accordance with this standard shall meet or exceed the requirements of this standard.So, how to strengthen equipment management? From the following aspects.
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2011年11月25日星期五
ISO-DIS 26262-10-2009
ISO-DIS 26262-10-2009 standard Functional safety.Part 10. GuidelineInternational Organization For Standards / 08-Dec-2009 / 31 pages ISO-DIS 26262-10-2009 standard.Safety is talking about every day, everybody talking about the topic. Personal injury
Safety and production efficiency are inextricably linked. Only good security, to ensure better production. Production there are certain risks of unsafe, and the struggle against nature, unexpected things can happen at any time, so you have to be alert everywhere, always have to pay attention to safety. Safety is a prerequisite for production, the production is effective protection. Comes to efficiency, we always think of profit, cost, capital, savings and other words, few people think about security. But the reality has more to prove to us that only good security is the greatest benefits, security is not good, an accident, businesses and individuals will be subject to loss, we talk about efficiency! A driver said, his daily work is to turn the wellhead of coal shipped to the cage, and from the trip 18 km, monotonous and boring, not very good roads, but the car never had more than a decade, and that is because they are always think of safety. Effectiveness and safety should be equated. Good safety and efficiency to increase as, on the contrary, a big loser. Just as the driver who said, when there are conflicts between efficiency and safety, or put safety first.
The most important is security ideology. Because you have a direct relationship with the work, only work when the increased vigilance, security will be guaranteed. Others can only give you implement the rules, you pay attention to safety education, but not always watching you work. You may be saving for a moment, it may be to early work was done, and may live to do more while ignoring the safety point. In the final analysis is what we thought of the safety awareness of workers have a certain height. You are not aware of a security incident to your individuals, families and businesses serious consequences, also unaware of the importance of safety. You may be lucky enough to work the case a few years or ten years, there has not been any incidents in your mind, the safety of the string may be relaxed, so you form a summary of your own so-called " work experience, "With this experience you continue to work with, the accident might bring you to irreversible consequences.
CSA Z662-2007 UPD 2
CSA Z662-2007 UPD 2 Update No. 2* to CSA Z662-07 Package August 2008Update No. 2 (August 2008) to CSA Z662-07 Package consists of replacement pages for CSA Z662.1-07.
Some parts of amorphous domestic product purchase, the process can be made. Manufacture of spare parts can not simply copy or imitate, to fully consider two factors: First, the performance index of domestic materials and processing equipment, capacity and level of processing; second component in the course of the problems can be processed production to be improved. For example, tipper the fuel tank used in the hydraulic system problems are more likely to fall off inside the tank coating and contamination of hydraulic oil reservoir outlet and the pump connected to the rigid connection, resulting in open solder connection at the resonance and leakage.
ASTM A453-A453M-08
Purchased part of the import of seal, choose a high level of domestic machining units, cylinder repair worn parts, and then carefully assembled to test the technical parameters in its request to use the machine on trial. Repair parts in the machine currently used on the longest nearly four years, working conditions have been relatively stable.
Specification for High-Temperature Bolting Materials, ASTM A453-A453M-08 with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels ASTM International / 01-Oct-2008 / 6 pages 1.1 This specification covers four grades of bolting materials with ten classes of yield strength ranging from 50 to 120 ksi [345 to 827 MPa] for use in high-temperature service such as fasteners for pressure vessel and valve flanges. The material requires special processing and is not intended for general purpose applications. The term "bolting material," as used in this specification, covers rolled, forged, or hot-extruded bars; bolts, nuts, screws, washers, studs, and stud bolts. Headed bolts and rolled threads may be supplied. Note 1 - Other bolting materials are covered by Specification A 193/A 193M and Specification A 437/A 437M. 1.2 Supplementary Requirement S 1 of an optional nature is provided. This shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the order. 1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standardKeywords: bolts–steel; fasteners–steel; marking; nuts–steel; precipitation hardening steels; pressure vessel service; revision letter; steel bars–alloy; steel bolting material; steel flanges; steel values; temperature service applications–high; year date; Flanges/fittings/valves/parts--specifications; ASTM A453-A453M-08 High-temperature service applications--steel bolting applications; Pressure vessel steel bars--specifications; Steel bolting materials--specifications; Udimet alloy; ICS Number Code 21.060.01 (Fasteners in general)This cylinder repair a station only a few million, can save a lot of money.
Try to use domestically-made spare parts styling products, merit order, and strive to approach or exceed the quality of imported spare parts. I roll drive motor in Hong Kong after localization to meet the needs of equipment operation, and capital investment savings. Through the collection of information, learned brother port vertical planetary gear made of a very successful, the device gradually replaced with domestic parts. Spare parts can be made of small quantities, and then use the success of large-scale promotion. Now, increasingly high degree of localization device, and device performance has not declined.
ASME BPVC Section I-2010
The quality of domestic and imported parts in different pieces of a larger device such as dumper trucks fuel tank pressure required for each import 40 million domestic pressure cylinder device nearly 10 million cars.
2010 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I: Rules for Construction of Power Boilers American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 01-Jul-2010 / 336 pages
ASME BPVC Section I-2010 This section provides requirements for all methods of construction of power, electric, and miniature boilers; high temperature water boilers used in stationary service; and power boilers used in locomotive, portable, and traction service. Rules pertaining to use of the V, A, M, PP, S and E Code symbol stamps are also included.
Summary of ChangesAdded heat recovery steam generators to the list of devices covered.Added Mandatory Appendix III to provide for compliance with revised Conformity Assessment Policy.Revised Preamble to include isolable economizers and isolable superheaters.Revised PG-16.1 to enable use of alternative design methods when details of design are not given in the Code.Added PFT-52 Fusible Plugs.Revisions to permit inclusion of clad thickness in the calculated strength of boiler tubes.Added PG-5.6 to provide guidance on the necessary actions, if during any phase of construction or erection, a component is heated to a temperature greater than 1470F (800C).Added of Paragraph PG-26 and Table PG-26 to impose Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factors on certain welds, primarily longitudinal and spiral, designed for service in the creep regime.
Number of ports using domestic cylinders, using ineffective, mainly low-life. However, domestic and import cylinder biggest difference in cylinder seals, the seals as a result of high quality internal and external fuel tank leaks.
ASME BPVC-II-A-1-2010
Diversification of sources of spare parts,2010 ASME Boiler and ASME BPVC-II-A-1-2010 Pressure Vessel Code, Section II: Materials - Part A: Ferrous Material Specifications American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 01-Jul-2010This part is a service book to the other Code Sections, providing material specifications for ferrous materials adequate for safety in the field of pressure equipment. These ASME BPVC-II-A-1-2010 specifications contain requirements and mechanical properties, test specimens, and methods of testing. They are designated by SA numbers and are derived from ASTM "A" specifications.
Summary of ChangesMore than 90 ferrous material specifications updated.
do the surveying and mapping equipment, some of the parts imported from finding out the exact dimensions on the drawings, the device used for a period of time, wearing parts are worn, which to manufacture, install a great deal of difficulty, so it's best use of equipment when doing mapping work dismantling, repair and spare parts for both domestic fully prepared, but also to deepen the understanding of the internal structure of the device.
ASME A17.2 -2010
ASME A17.2 -2010 this Guide covers recommended inspection and testing procedures for electric and hydraulic elevators, escalators,and moving walks required to conform to the Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
.ASME A17.2-2010 Guide for Inspection of Elevators, Escalators, and Moving Walks American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 09-Dec-2010 / 238 pages Scope A17.1–1955 and later editions and The Safety Code for Existing Elevators and Escalators, A17.3. This Guide also addresses some requirements from editions of A17.1 prior to 1955. This guide also includes Canadian references and applicable exceptions for CSA B44-00 and later editions.Exceptions or deviations applicable in Canada are identified with the same ASME requirement number prefaced with a lowercase “c” for CSA B44-00 through CSA B44-04 Update 1. NOTE: This Guide may not reflect the latest requirements in the current ASME A17.1/CSA B44 and ASME A17.3 Codes.
ASME B16.39-2009
Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions: ASME B16.39-2009 Classes 150, 250, and 300 American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 09-Oct-2009 / 18 pages SCOPE
1.1 General
This Standard covers threaded malleable iron unions,Classes 150, 250, and 300. It also contains provisions for using steel for NPS 1⁄8 unions. This Standard includes
(a) design
(b) pressure–temperature ratings
(c) size
(d) marking
(e) materials
(f) joints and seats
(g) threads
(h) hydrostatic strength
(i) tensile strength
(j) air pressure test
(k) sampling
(l) coatings
(m) dimensions
Mandatory Appendix I provides tables in U.S.Customary units.
1.2 References
Standards and specifications adopted by reference in this Standard are shown in Mandatory Appendix II,which is part of this Standard. It is not considered practical to identify the specific edition of each referenced standard and specification in the text, when referenced.Instead, the specific editions of the referenced standards and specifications are listed in Mandatory Appendix II.
1.3 Quality Systems
Nonmandatory requirements relating to the ASME B16.39-2009 fitting manufacturer’s quality system programs are described in Nonmandatory Appendix A.
1.1 General
This Standard covers threaded malleable iron unions,Classes 150, 250, and 300. It also contains provisions for using steel for NPS 1⁄8 unions. This Standard includes
(a) design
(b) pressure–temperature ratings
(c) size
(d) marking
(e) materials
(f) joints and seats
(g) threads
(h) hydrostatic strength
(i) tensile strength
(j) air pressure test
(k) sampling
(l) coatings
(m) dimensions
Mandatory Appendix I provides tables in U.S.Customary units.
1.2 References
Standards and specifications adopted by reference in this Standard are shown in Mandatory Appendix II,which is part of this Standard. It is not considered practical to identify the specific edition of each referenced standard and specification in the text, when referenced.Instead, the specific editions of the referenced standards and specifications are listed in Mandatory Appendix II.
1.3 Quality Systems
Nonmandatory requirements relating to the ASME B16.39-2009 fitting manufacturer’s quality system programs are described in Nonmandatory Appendix A.
AP RP 1133-2010
API RP 1133 design, construction, inspection and testing provisions of this RP should not apply to pipelines that were designed or installed prior to the latest revision of this publication.
API RP 1133 Guidelines for Onshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines Affecting High Consequence Floodplains, First Edition (R2010) Edition: 1st American Petroleum Institute / 01-Feb-2005 / 22pagesScope
API RP 1133 Guidelines for Onshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines Affecting High Consequence Floodplains, First Edition (R2010) Edition: 1st American Petroleum Institute / 01-Feb-2005 / 22pagesScope
This recommended practice (RP) sets out criteria for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and abandonment of onshore pipelines that could affect high consequence floodplains and associated commercially navigable waterways.
This RP applies only to steel pipelines that transport gas, hazardous liquids, alcohols or carbon dioxide. The operation and maintenance provisions of this RP should apply to existing facilities. API RP 1133 The contents in this RP should not be considered a fixed rule for application without regard to sound engineering judgment.
extensive collection of information through the collection of information and avoid detours. Staff to collect information in two major areas: First, collect the information of foreign manufacturers, the main way is through the delivery of information request letter, to understand their performance parameters, while the port to communicate more with the brothers about their sources of spare parts, and the use of state and service life. Pay special attention to some of their unsuccessful practices, in order to avoid making the same mistakes.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASME Standard helps the global engineering community develop solutions to real world challenges. Founded in 1880 as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME is a not-for-profit professional organization that enables collaboration, knowledge sharing and skill development across all engineering disciplines, while promoting the vital role of the engineer in society. ASME codes and standards, publications, conferences, continuing education and professional development programs provide a foundation for advancing technical knowledge and a safer world.The inventory of spare parts inventory spare parts for my Hong Kong while some random import spare parts, spare parts in all kinds of electrical components, hydraulic components, mechanical parts, more categories, inventory is quite difficult. Through the use of materials and spare parts management and technical personnel of the unit together, all kinds of spare parts inventory inventory number, type, size and purpose, will be on file and record all the parts.
AP RP 1133-2010
API RP 1133 Guidelines for Onshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines Affecting High Consequence Floodplains, First Edition (R2010) Edition: 1st
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Feb-2005 / 22pagesScope AP RP 1133-2010 recommended practice (RP) sets out criteria for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and abandonment of onshore pipelines that could affect high consequence floodplains and associated commercially navigable waterways.
AP RP 1133-2010 applies only to steel pipelines that transport gas, hazardous liquids, alcohols or carbon dioxide. The design, construction, inspection and testing provisions of this RP should not apply to pipelines that were designed or installed prior to the latest revision of this publication.
The operation and maintenance provisions of this RP should apply to existing facilities.
The contents in this AP RP 1133-2010 should not be considered a fixed rule for application without regard to sound engineering judgment.
.Equipment, spare parts management as an important part of management in the modern production has a very important role. Production is often a small component due to damage or shortages caused by equipment downtime longer period of time. Improve equipment management is not only in quantity to meet the needs of equipment maintenance, and technical quality of the equipment to ensure reliability of operation, as far as possible while saving money. Rizhao Port, a company mostly large-scale imports of equipment dedicated linkage equipment, spare parts management of difficult and complex. After a long-term exploration and practice, has formed a production unit, department of materials, technical sections together mapping, procurement development approach to diversification of sources of spare parts, producing a strong need to protect the port, while reducing spare parts costs.
ASME A17.1-CSA B44 - 2009 PDF
ASME A17.1/CSA B44 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators
Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: ADB Date: 12/30/09Includes:1. ASME A17.1 - Amendment Only Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: ADB Date: 12/30/092. ASME A17.1 - Amendment Only Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: ADA Date: 12/05/083. ASME A17.1 - Base Document Only Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: Date: 04/06/07
Document Abstract:A17.1 covers the design, construction, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance, alteration, and repair of the following equipment, its associated parts, and its hoistways, where located in or adjacent to a building or structure: (a) hoisting and lowering mechanisms, equipped with a car or platform, which move between two or more landings. This equipment includes, but is not limited to, elevators; (b) power driven stairways and walkways for carrying persons between landings. This equipment includes, but is not limited to escalators and moving walks; (c) hoisting and lowering mechanisms equipped with a car which serves two or more landings and is restricted to the carrying of material by its limited size or limited access to the car. This equipment includes, but is not limited to, dumbwaiters and material lifts.
control station is a complete computer, you can actually run without being connected with the operation of stations and offline, complete the process control strategies to ensure that plant operation. From the computer system architecture, the controller is a dedicated process control computer, the microprocessor from the 8-bit to today's 32-bit or even 64-bit. Controller as a complete computer, its main I / O devices for on-site input and output processing equipment, which process the input / output (PI / O), including signal conversion and signal conditioning, A / D, D / A conversion . In the signal conversion process using isolation techniques to prevent signal interference from the field and connected with on-site terminals, and input and output signals of the physical location for easy identification, this is essential.
Controllers are the basis for the DCS, its reliability and safety of the most major, crash, and out of control phenomenon is absolutely not allowed, but redundant, power failure protection, anti-electromagnetic interference, and other aspects of the system constitutes a valid proof and reliable, in order to meet user requirements.
Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: ADB Date: 12/30/09Includes:1. ASME A17.1 - Amendment Only Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: ADB Date: 12/30/092. ASME A17.1 - Amendment Only Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: ADA Date: 12/05/083. ASME A17.1 - Base Document Only Revision / Edition: 07 Chg: Date: 04/06/07
Document Abstract:A17.1 covers the design, construction, operation, inspection, testing, maintenance, alteration, and repair of the following equipment, its associated parts, and its hoistways, where located in or adjacent to a building or structure: (a) hoisting and lowering mechanisms, equipped with a car or platform, which move between two or more landings. This equipment includes, but is not limited to, elevators; (b) power driven stairways and walkways for carrying persons between landings. This equipment includes, but is not limited to escalators and moving walks; (c) hoisting and lowering mechanisms equipped with a car which serves two or more landings and is restricted to the carrying of material by its limited size or limited access to the car. This equipment includes, but is not limited to, dumbwaiters and material lifts.
control station is a complete computer, you can actually run without being connected with the operation of stations and offline, complete the process control strategies to ensure that plant operation. From the computer system architecture, the controller is a dedicated process control computer, the microprocessor from the 8-bit to today's 32-bit or even 64-bit. Controller as a complete computer, its main I / O devices for on-site input and output processing equipment, which process the input / output (PI / O), including signal conversion and signal conditioning, A / D, D / A conversion . In the signal conversion process using isolation techniques to prevent signal interference from the field and connected with on-site terminals, and input and output signals of the physical location for easy identification, this is essential.
Controllers are the basis for the DCS, its reliability and safety of the most major, crash, and out of control phenomenon is absolutely not allowed, but redundant, power failure protection, anti-electromagnetic interference, and other aspects of the system constitutes a valid proof and reliable, in order to meet user requirements.
ASME A17.1 -2010
Basic controller settings can be distributed through the data bus to the data highway controller with multiple operator stations connected together to form each node has a computer, distributed computer control system, these products are collectively referred to as DCS (Distributed Control System) .
DCS systems in petrochemical widely used because it can meet the following features: ① analog data acquisition and control; ② switch the order of control; ③ switch, analog with control, that is a mixed control. In addition to three control functions, there are man-machine interface is friendly, safe, reliable, easy to install, easy to use, easy to maintain, easy to expand and upgrade and so on.
It is estimated that DCS medium in the petrochemical industry in the past five years is not controlled device can replace the product, by 2005, China's petrochemical industry to have more than a thousand sets of devices require the application of DCS control, renovation and equipment expansion is also a need to expand the original DCS system As routine maintenance, spare parts, it is very significant, so for some time, DCS importance in the petrochemical industry is indisputable.
ASME A17.1-2010S afety Code for Elevators and Escalators (Bi-national standard with CSA B44-10) American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 30-Dec-2010 / 544 pages Scope1.1 Equipment Covered by This Code
This Code covers the design, construction, operation,inspection, testing, maintenance, alteration, and repair of the following equipment and its associated parts,rooms, spaces, and hoistways, where located in or adjacent to a building or structure (see 1.2):
(a) hoisting and lowering mechanisms, equipped with a car, that move between two or more landings.This equipment includes, but is not limited to elevators (see 1.3).
(b) power-driven stairways and walkways for carrying persons between landings. This equipment includes, but is not limited to escalators and moving walks (see 1.3).
(c) hoisting and lowering mechanisms equipped with a car that serves two or more landings and is restricted to the carrying of material by its limited size or limited access to the car. This equipment includes, but is not limited to dumbwaiters and material lifts (see 1.3).1.2 Equipment Not Covered by This Code Equipment not covered by this Code includes, but is not limited to, the following:
(a) personnel hoists within the scope of ANSI A10.4 and CSA-Z185
(b) material hoists within the scope of ANSI A10.5 and CSA-Z256
(c) platform lifts and stairway chairlifts within the scope of ASME A18.1, CSA B355, and CSA B613
(d) manlifts within the scope of ASME A90.1 and CSA B311, and in jurisdictions enforcing NBCC Special Purpose Personnel Elevators (ASME A17.1, Section 5.7)
(e) mobile scaffolds and towers; platforms within the scope of ANSI/SIA A92 and CSA-B354
(f) powered platform and equipment for exterior and interior building maintenance within the scope of ASME A120.1 and CSA-Z271
(g) conveyors and related equipment within the scope of ASME B20.1(h) cranes, derricks, hoists, hooks, jacks, and slings within the scope of ASME B30, CSA Z150, CSA B167,CSA Z202, and CSA Z248
(i) industrial trucks within the scope of ASME B56 and CSA B335
(j) portable equipment, except for portable escalators,that are covered by 6.1
(k) tiering or piling machines used to move material to and from storage located and operating entirely within one story
(l) equipment for feeding or positioning material at machine tools, printing presses, etc.
(m) skip or furnace hoists
(n) wharf ramps
(o) amusement devices
(p) stage and orchestra lifts
(q) lift bridges
(r) railroad car lifts and dumpers
(s) mechanized parking garage equipment
(t) line jacks, false cars, shafters, moving platforms,and similar equipment used for installing an elevator
(u) platform-type elevators installed on board a marine vessel1.3 Application of Parts
This Code applies to new installations only, except Part 1, and 5.10, 8.1, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, and 8.11, that apply to both new and existing installations.1.4 Effective Date
The requirements of this edition and subsequent addenda to the Code are effective as of the date noted on the Summary of Changes page of this document. The authority having jurisdiction will establish the effective date for their local regulations.
DCS systems in petrochemical widely used because it can meet the following features: ① analog data acquisition and control; ② switch the order of control; ③ switch, analog with control, that is a mixed control. In addition to three control functions, there are man-machine interface is friendly, safe, reliable, easy to install, easy to use, easy to maintain, easy to expand and upgrade and so on.
It is estimated that DCS medium in the petrochemical industry in the past five years is not controlled device can replace the product, by 2005, China's petrochemical industry to have more than a thousand sets of devices require the application of DCS control, renovation and equipment expansion is also a need to expand the original DCS system As routine maintenance, spare parts, it is very significant, so for some time, DCS importance in the petrochemical industry is indisputable.
ASME A17.1-2010S afety Code for Elevators and Escalators (Bi-national standard with CSA B44-10) American Society of Mechanical Engineers / 30-Dec-2010 / 544 pages Scope1.1 Equipment Covered by This Code
This Code covers the design, construction, operation,inspection, testing, maintenance, alteration, and repair of the following equipment and its associated parts,rooms, spaces, and hoistways, where located in or adjacent to a building or structure (see 1.2):
(a) hoisting and lowering mechanisms, equipped with a car, that move between two or more landings.This equipment includes, but is not limited to elevators (see 1.3).
(b) power-driven stairways and walkways for carrying persons between landings. This equipment includes, but is not limited to escalators and moving walks (see 1.3).
(c) hoisting and lowering mechanisms equipped with a car that serves two or more landings and is restricted to the carrying of material by its limited size or limited access to the car. This equipment includes, but is not limited to dumbwaiters and material lifts (see 1.3).1.2 Equipment Not Covered by This Code Equipment not covered by this Code includes, but is not limited to, the following:
(a) personnel hoists within the scope of ANSI A10.4 and CSA-Z185
(b) material hoists within the scope of ANSI A10.5 and CSA-Z256
(c) platform lifts and stairway chairlifts within the scope of ASME A18.1, CSA B355, and CSA B613
(d) manlifts within the scope of ASME A90.1 and CSA B311, and in jurisdictions enforcing NBCC Special Purpose Personnel Elevators (ASME A17.1, Section 5.7)
(e) mobile scaffolds and towers; platforms within the scope of ANSI/SIA A92 and CSA-B354
(f) powered platform and equipment for exterior and interior building maintenance within the scope of ASME A120.1 and CSA-Z271
(g) conveyors and related equipment within the scope of ASME B20.1(h) cranes, derricks, hoists, hooks, jacks, and slings within the scope of ASME B30, CSA Z150, CSA B167,CSA Z202, and CSA Z248
(i) industrial trucks within the scope of ASME B56 and CSA B335
(j) portable equipment, except for portable escalators,that are covered by 6.1
(k) tiering or piling machines used to move material to and from storage located and operating entirely within one story
(l) equipment for feeding or positioning material at machine tools, printing presses, etc.
(m) skip or furnace hoists
(n) wharf ramps
(o) amusement devices
(p) stage and orchestra lifts
(q) lift bridges
(r) railroad car lifts and dumpers
(s) mechanized parking garage equipment
(t) line jacks, false cars, shafters, moving platforms,and similar equipment used for installing an elevator
(u) platform-type elevators installed on board a marine vessel1.3 Application of Parts
This Code applies to new installations only, except Part 1, and 5.10, 8.1, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, and 8.11, that apply to both new and existing installations.1.4 Effective Date
The requirements of this edition and subsequent addenda to the Code are effective as of the date noted on the Summary of Changes page of this document. The authority having jurisdiction will establish the effective date for their local regulations.
DCS system in power
Abstract: After a brief introduction on the basis of the DCS system, discusses the need for power plant DCS system used, and a 600MW unit as an example on the current DCS system in power plant applications.
Keywords: DCS system, power plant generators
With the implementation of national energy conservation strategy, from the small generator sets to supercritical and ultra supercritical units and other large development at the same time, distributed control system DCS is also widely used in the operation of thermal power control. DCS strong guarantee safe and stable operation of power plant.
1 DCS System Overview
System is a distributed control system DCS (Distributed Control System) the title, it is a computer technology, control technology, network technology and CRT display technology, high-tech products, with control functions and easy operation and high reliability [ 1], has been widely used in industries including power plants, including the entire control system. Especially since the 1990s, DCS hardware widely used technical indicators of more advanced high-end industrial grade PC, and some even use a RISC workstation; software into a common commercial software packages, the system interconnect apply international standards of common network, step by step direction to information integration.
2 DCS system, the need for power plant
China's first manufacturers to introduce the DCS system is Wangting power plant, 300MW in 1985 was the introduction of the U.S. unit Westinghouse DCS system for the pilot to try. After 20 years of development, DCS was limited from the steam turbine, boiler and other thermal power plants and to monitor the development of the whole production process, both the boiler furnace safety supervisory system, there are steam turbine digital electro-hydraulic control system, etc. [2]. The author believes that the demand for power plant DCS system depends primarily on two reasons:
(1) energy saving requirements. 100MW, 300MW and 600MW supercritical thermal power set of standard coal consumption of approximately 400,320 and 300g/kwh, energy-saving effect is obvious. Achieve such a large-scale energy-ho must be achieved through the DCS.
(2) unit stability and safety requirements. For large unit power plant, DCS central plant system as a whole, to improve unit stability and security is extremely important. Currently, in addition to maintaining a small number for emergency shutdown, shutdown of the backup manual operation button, all the control, protection and monitoring functions all set in the DCS.
Therefore, a large multi-unit power plant control objects and complex, nonlinear, large delay, the control parameters influence each other, interference sources and multiple features, only by adopting a strong DCS system to ensure security and stability of the entire power plant, to achieve national emissions-reduction targets.
3 DCS system in power plant applications
The current mainstream models are mostly new power plants of 600MW supercritical unit, a 600MW unit in the following paper [3], for example explore the DCS system in power plant applications.
(1) goals. DCS should be used in power plant power plant safety, economic, and optimal operation of the target, it must work closely with the actual production process of the plant to function and charged devices targeted by the stratification and distribution of hardware and software design, unified data management and data formats as well as human-machine interfaces to achieve optimal control and operation strategies.
(2) subsystem. DCS system hardware and software in addition to setting up the distribution of DAS (Data Acquisition System), MCS (analog control system), SCS (sequential control system) and the FSSS (flame safety monitoring system) and other essential subsystems outside, but also to be control objects and functional areas to set up other subsystems, such as electrical control systems, turbine bypass control system, water supply system, combustion system, Wind and Smoke systems.
(3) the basic performance requirements. In addition to the DCS system to meet the high reliability and safety requirements, but also must have the following basic functions:
A. System real-time. Call time must be guaranteed, including the screen, the parameter refresh time, response time and signal operating instructions scan the system, including real-time requirements.
B. analog channel accuracy. The entire operating temperature range, analog input signal high and low to meet the ± 0.1% and ± 0.2%, the output signal is ± 0.25%.
C. SOE point resolution of the accident sequence. SOE resolution of the input signal should not exceed 1 ms.
D. History station capacity and acquisition cycle. Historical data collection points can not be less than 60GB, acquisition time can not exceed 0.5s.
E. anti-jamming capability. All input and output modules to be resistant to common mode interference voltage 250V, differential-mode interference voltage 60V.
F. System fault tolerance. Controller including the network of local interruption or failure of the system under various types of self-healing capabilities, fault tolerance of illegal input device power to restore the normal ability.
G. System time synchronization accuracy. DCS system should have the GPS function of time.
H. controller loading rate and margin. In a variety of conditions, each controller of the CPU load is not more than 60% CPU load operator station not more than 40%.
I. network communication load rate. General data communication bus load rate should not exceed 40% for Ethernet should not exceed 20%.
J. system power margin. System should accept the dual power supply, and capable of dual bumpless.
K. other features. Include: report printing function; alarm; system configuration and online download function; channel and network modules and self-diagnostic function; output channel self-holding function; redundant controller and network switching equipment; power switching function; all loss of electricity and some loss of power system response.
L. system availability. Field trials of the DCS system reliability test mainly availability (SAT). Availability features that a device or system restore can be completed within the stipulated time the probability of its specified functions. Through the availability test, validate continuous and reliable operation of the unit capacity of DCS. General requirements for system availability of 99.9% or more.
4 Conclusion
At present, China's thermal power of the machine, oven, electric inconsistent level of control, auxiliary system is not high level of automation, large centralized control room, cable quantity, duty and more. Improve the level of plant automation applications, especially in larger over 600MW supercritical unit and the application, to improve safety and reliability of the DCS, DCS improved results, so that the application of DCS in power plant reached a new level is still current and future longer need to walk a section of road.
References
[1] Zhang Xueshen, Ye Ning. Distributed Control System and Its Application [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2006.
[2] even plums. Domestically distributed control system for 600MW unit of analysis [J]. China Electric Power, 2003 (2) :46-48.
[3] Xu Chong. Pannan 600MW power plant safety design of the study unit DCS [D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2007.
Keywords: DCS system, power plant generators
With the implementation of national energy conservation strategy, from the small generator sets to supercritical and ultra supercritical units and other large development at the same time, distributed control system DCS is also widely used in the operation of thermal power control. DCS strong guarantee safe and stable operation of power plant.
1 DCS System Overview
System is a distributed control system DCS (Distributed Control System) the title, it is a computer technology, control technology, network technology and CRT display technology, high-tech products, with control functions and easy operation and high reliability [ 1], has been widely used in industries including power plants, including the entire control system. Especially since the 1990s, DCS hardware widely used technical indicators of more advanced high-end industrial grade PC, and some even use a RISC workstation; software into a common commercial software packages, the system interconnect apply international standards of common network, step by step direction to information integration.
2 DCS system, the need for power plant
China's first manufacturers to introduce the DCS system is Wangting power plant, 300MW in 1985 was the introduction of the U.S. unit Westinghouse DCS system for the pilot to try. After 20 years of development, DCS was limited from the steam turbine, boiler and other thermal power plants and to monitor the development of the whole production process, both the boiler furnace safety supervisory system, there are steam turbine digital electro-hydraulic control system, etc. [2]. The author believes that the demand for power plant DCS system depends primarily on two reasons:
(1) energy saving requirements. 100MW, 300MW and 600MW supercritical thermal power set of standard coal consumption of approximately 400,320 and 300g/kwh, energy-saving effect is obvious. Achieve such a large-scale energy-ho must be achieved through the DCS.
(2) unit stability and safety requirements. For large unit power plant, DCS central plant system as a whole, to improve unit stability and security is extremely important. Currently, in addition to maintaining a small number for emergency shutdown, shutdown of the backup manual operation button, all the control, protection and monitoring functions all set in the DCS.
Therefore, a large multi-unit power plant control objects and complex, nonlinear, large delay, the control parameters influence each other, interference sources and multiple features, only by adopting a strong DCS system to ensure security and stability of the entire power plant, to achieve national emissions-reduction targets.
3 DCS system in power plant applications
The current mainstream models are mostly new power plants of 600MW supercritical unit, a 600MW unit in the following paper [3], for example explore the DCS system in power plant applications.
(1) goals. DCS should be used in power plant power plant safety, economic, and optimal operation of the target, it must work closely with the actual production process of the plant to function and charged devices targeted by the stratification and distribution of hardware and software design, unified data management and data formats as well as human-machine interfaces to achieve optimal control and operation strategies.
(2) subsystem. DCS system hardware and software in addition to setting up the distribution of DAS (Data Acquisition System), MCS (analog control system), SCS (sequential control system) and the FSSS (flame safety monitoring system) and other essential subsystems outside, but also to be control objects and functional areas to set up other subsystems, such as electrical control systems, turbine bypass control system, water supply system, combustion system, Wind and Smoke systems.
(3) the basic performance requirements. In addition to the DCS system to meet the high reliability and safety requirements, but also must have the following basic functions:
A. System real-time. Call time must be guaranteed, including the screen, the parameter refresh time, response time and signal operating instructions scan the system, including real-time requirements.
B. analog channel accuracy. The entire operating temperature range, analog input signal high and low to meet the ± 0.1% and ± 0.2%, the output signal is ± 0.25%.
C. SOE point resolution of the accident sequence. SOE resolution of the input signal should not exceed 1 ms.
D. History station capacity and acquisition cycle. Historical data collection points can not be less than 60GB, acquisition time can not exceed 0.5s.
E. anti-jamming capability. All input and output modules to be resistant to common mode interference voltage 250V, differential-mode interference voltage 60V.
F. System fault tolerance. Controller including the network of local interruption or failure of the system under various types of self-healing capabilities, fault tolerance of illegal input device power to restore the normal ability.
G. System time synchronization accuracy. DCS system should have the GPS function of time.
H. controller loading rate and margin. In a variety of conditions, each controller of the CPU load is not more than 60% CPU load operator station not more than 40%.
I. network communication load rate. General data communication bus load rate should not exceed 40% for Ethernet should not exceed 20%.
J. system power margin. System should accept the dual power supply, and capable of dual bumpless.
K. other features. Include: report printing function; alarm; system configuration and online download function; channel and network modules and self-diagnostic function; output channel self-holding function; redundant controller and network switching equipment; power switching function; all loss of electricity and some loss of power system response.
L. system availability. Field trials of the DCS system reliability test mainly availability (SAT). Availability features that a device or system restore can be completed within the stipulated time the probability of its specified functions. Through the availability test, validate continuous and reliable operation of the unit capacity of DCS. General requirements for system availability of 99.9% or more.
4 Conclusion
At present, China's thermal power of the machine, oven, electric inconsistent level of control, auxiliary system is not high level of automation, large centralized control room, cable quantity, duty and more. Improve the level of plant automation applications, especially in larger over 600MW supercritical unit and the application, to improve safety and reliability of the DCS, DCS improved results, so that the application of DCS in power plant reached a new level is still current and future longer need to walk a section of road.
References
[1] Zhang Xueshen, Ye Ning. Distributed Control System and Its Application [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2006.
[2] even plums. Domestically distributed control system for 600MW unit of analysis [J]. China Electric Power, 2003 (2) :46-48.
[3] Xu Chong. Pannan 600MW power plant safety design of the study unit DCS [D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2007.
2011年11月18日星期五
API BULL 91-2007
API Bull 91Planning and Conducting Surface Preparation and Coating Operations for Oil and Natural Gas Drilling and Production Facilities in a Marine Environment, First Edition Edition: 1st
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Jun-2007 / 28 pages Scope
Worldwide, marine exploration, production, development and decommissioning operations are conducted from a variety of structures (installations, as defined herein). These installations must be inspected periodically and maintained in order to assure structural integrity and minimize pollution risks. Maintenance of an offshore structure, regardless of its classification, necessarily includes blasting and coating activities. The purpose of this publication is to establish practices and procedures that should be followed to minimize the discharge of spent blast abrasive, and paint overspray to the surrounding waters during these activities, to meet the spirit of MARPOL Annex V. Additionally, any maintenance waste which is captured must be properly packaged and shipped to shore for disposal. This publication also addresses procedures to contain
and capture maintenance waste, including, but not limited to, spent blast abrasive and associated materials, during such maintenance activities on marine structures. The safety of personnel is the most important consideration for all work activities. Consequently, any blasting and coating work conducted shall consider the safety of personnel as paramount. Other types of discharges that may be permitted by various regulatory authorities, are outside the scope of this document. These would include (1) discharges in compliance with a relevant governmental permit (e.g., the applicable provisions of the U.S. Clean Water Act or the applicable sections of European Community [EC] Dangerous Substances Directives), (2) discharges resulting from circumstances identified and reviewed and made part of the public record with respect to a permit issued or modified and subject to a condition in such permit, and (3) continuous or anticipated intermittent discharges from a point source, identified in a permit or permit application which are caused by events occurring within the scope of relevant operating or treatment systems.
Additionally, containment issues for operations below the water line are outside the scope of this document.
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Jun-2007 / 28 pages Scope
Worldwide, marine exploration, production, development and decommissioning operations are conducted from a variety of structures (installations, as defined herein). These installations must be inspected periodically and maintained in order to assure structural integrity and minimize pollution risks. Maintenance of an offshore structure, regardless of its classification, necessarily includes blasting and coating activities. The purpose of this publication is to establish practices and procedures that should be followed to minimize the discharge of spent blast abrasive, and paint overspray to the surrounding waters during these activities, to meet the spirit of MARPOL Annex V. Additionally, any maintenance waste which is captured must be properly packaged and shipped to shore for disposal. This publication also addresses procedures to contain
and capture maintenance waste, including, but not limited to, spent blast abrasive and associated materials, during such maintenance activities on marine structures. The safety of personnel is the most important consideration for all work activities. Consequently, any blasting and coating work conducted shall consider the safety of personnel as paramount. Other types of discharges that may be permitted by various regulatory authorities, are outside the scope of this document. These would include (1) discharges in compliance with a relevant governmental permit (e.g., the applicable provisions of the U.S. Clean Water Act or the applicable sections of European Community [EC] Dangerous Substances Directives), (2) discharges resulting from circumstances identified and reviewed and made part of the public record with respect to a permit issued or modified and subject to a condition in such permit, and (3) continuous or anticipated intermittent discharges from a point source, identified in a permit or permit application which are caused by events occurring within the scope of relevant operating or treatment systems.
Additionally, containment issues for operations below the water line are outside the scope of this document.
API BULL 75L-2007
API Bull 75LGuidance Document for the Development of a Safety and Environmental Management System for Onshore Oil and Natural Gas Production Operations and Associated Activities, First Edition Edition: 1st
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Nov-2007 / 24 pages Objective and Scope
An effective SEMS will have a fundamental objective of promoting continuous progress towards making safety and environmental protection an integral part of the company’s culture. A SEMS should address facilities, engineering design, major equipment, and work processes relevant to the appropriate owners, contractors, or suppliers. This publication provides guidance for any company in the business of onshore oil and natural gas production, including drilling, construction, well servicing, and maintenance activities. In addition to having an effective SEMS, responsible development includes being a good neighbor and being committed to environmental protection and compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Annex B provides guidance for a company to consider as a “good neighbor.”
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Nov-2007 / 24 pages Objective and Scope
An effective SEMS will have a fundamental objective of promoting continuous progress towards making safety and environmental protection an integral part of the company’s culture. A SEMS should address facilities, engineering design, major equipment, and work processes relevant to the appropriate owners, contractors, or suppliers. This publication provides guidance for any company in the business of onshore oil and natural gas production, including drilling, construction, well servicing, and maintenance activities. In addition to having an effective SEMS, responsible development includes being a good neighbor and being committed to environmental protection and compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Annex B provides guidance for a company to consider as a “good neighbor.”
API BULL 5C2-1999
API Bull 5C2 Bulletin on Performance Properties of Casing, Tubing, and Drill PipeEdition: TWENTY-FIRST ,American Petroleum Institute / 01-Oct-1999 / 62 pages FOREWORD
This bulletin is under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Standardization of
Tubular Goods. This bulletin is not intended as a design manual. Its purpose is to provide minimum performance properties on which the design of casing, tubing, and drill pipe strings may be based.
The performance properties as given herein cover the grades, sizes, and weights of casing,
tubing, and drill pipe as given in API Specification 5CT.
Formulas and procedures for calculating the values are given in Bulletin 5C3. Formulas
and calculations appearing in the 13th and preceding editions of Bull 5C2 were transferred in 1971 to Bull 5C3: Bulletin on Formulas and Calculations for Casing, Tubing, Drill Pipe,
and Line Pipe Properties.
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by
the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of the Upstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
This bulletin is under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Standardization of
Tubular Goods. This bulletin is not intended as a design manual. Its purpose is to provide minimum performance properties on which the design of casing, tubing, and drill pipe strings may be based.
The performance properties as given herein cover the grades, sizes, and weights of casing,
tubing, and drill pipe as given in API Specification 5CT.
Formulas and procedures for calculating the values are given in Bulletin 5C3. Formulas
and calculations appearing in the 13th and preceding editions of Bull 5C2 were transferred in 1971 to Bull 5C3: Bulletin on Formulas and Calculations for Casing, Tubing, Drill Pipe,
and Line Pipe Properties.
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by
the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the general manager of the Upstream Segment, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
API 600-2009
Steel Gate Valves - Flanged and Butt-welding Ends, Bolted Bonnets, Twelfth Edition, Includes Errata (2009) Edition: 12th
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Mar-2009 / 34 pages Product Code(s): C60012,C60012 Foreword
Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.
Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.
Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification.
This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which
this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Mar-2009 / 34 pages Product Code(s): C60012,C60012 Foreword
Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.
Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.
Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the specification.
This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which
this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.
API 579
API 579-2 / ASME FFS-2Fitness-For-Service Example Problem Manual, First Edition Edition: 1st
American Petroleum Institute / 11-Aug-2009 / 374 pages DescriptionFitness-For-Service (FFS) assessments in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Fitness-For-Service are engineering evaluations that are performed to demonstrate the structural integrity of an in-service component that may contain a flaw or damage or that may be operating under specific conditions that could produce a failure. API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 provides guidance for conducting FFS assessments using methodologies specifically prepared for pressurized equipment. The guidelines provided in this standard may be used to make runrepair-replace decisions to help determine if pressurized equipment containing flaws that have been identified by inspection can continue to operate safely for some period of time. These FFS assessments of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 are currently recognized and referenced by the API Codes and Standards (510, 570, & 653), and by NB-23 as suitable means for evaluating the structural integrity of pressure vessels, piping systems and storage tanks where inspection has revealed degradation and flaws in the equipment or where operating conditions suggest that a risk of failure may be present.
Example problems illustrating the use and calculations required for Fitness-For-Service Assessments described in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 are provided in this document. Example problems are provided for all calculation procedures in both SI and US Customary units.
An introduction to the example problems in this document is described in Part 2 of this Standard. The remaining Parts of this document contain the example problems. The Parts in this document coincide with the Parts in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1. For example, example problems illustrating calculations for local thin areas are provided in Part 5 of this document. This coincides with the assessment procedures for local thin areas contained in Part 5 of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1.
American Petroleum Institute / 11-Aug-2009 / 374 pages DescriptionFitness-For-Service (FFS) assessments in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Fitness-For-Service are engineering evaluations that are performed to demonstrate the structural integrity of an in-service component that may contain a flaw or damage or that may be operating under specific conditions that could produce a failure. API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 provides guidance for conducting FFS assessments using methodologies specifically prepared for pressurized equipment. The guidelines provided in this standard may be used to make runrepair-replace decisions to help determine if pressurized equipment containing flaws that have been identified by inspection can continue to operate safely for some period of time. These FFS assessments of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 are currently recognized and referenced by the API Codes and Standards (510, 570, & 653), and by NB-23 as suitable means for evaluating the structural integrity of pressure vessels, piping systems and storage tanks where inspection has revealed degradation and flaws in the equipment or where operating conditions suggest that a risk of failure may be present.
Example problems illustrating the use and calculations required for Fitness-For-Service Assessments described in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 are provided in this document. Example problems are provided for all calculation procedures in both SI and US Customary units.
An introduction to the example problems in this document is described in Part 2 of this Standard. The remaining Parts of this document contain the example problems. The Parts in this document coincide with the Parts in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1. For example, example problems illustrating calculations for local thin areas are provided in Part 5 of this document. This coincides with the assessment procedures for local thin areas contained in Part 5 of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1.
API 570 Standard PDF
API 570Revision / Edition: 3RD Chg: Date: 11/00/09PIPING INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, ANDALTERATION OF PIPING SYSTEMSDocument AbstractCoverage API 570 covers inspection, rating, repair, and alteration procedures for metallic and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) piping systems and their associated pressure relieving devices that have been placed inservice.IntentThe intent of this code is to specify the in-service inspection and condition-monitoring program that is needed to determine the integrity of piping. That program should provide reasonably accurate and timely assessments to determine if any changes in the condition of piping could possibly compromise continued safe operation. It is also the intent of this code that owner-users shall respond to any inspection results that require corrective actions to assure the continued safe operation of piping.API 570 was developed for the petroleum refining and chemical process industries but may be used, where practical, for any piping system. It is intended for use by organizations that maintain or have access to an authorized inspection agency, a repair organization, and technically qualified piping engineers, inspectors, and examiners, all as defined in Section 3.LimitationsAPI 570 shall not be used as a substitute for the original construction requirements governing a piping system before it is placed inservice; nor shall it be used in conflict with any prevailing regulatory requirements. If the requirements of this code are more stringent than the regulatory requirements, then the requirements of this code shall govern.Specific ApplicationThe term non metallics has a broad definition but in this code refers to the fiber reinforced plastic groups encompassed by the generic acronyms FRP (fiberglass-reinforced plastic) and GRP (glass-reinforced plastic). The extruded, generally homogenous nonmetallics, such as high and low-density polyethylene are excluded. Refer to API 574 for guidance on degradation and inspection issues associated with FRP piping.Included Fluid ServicesExcept as provided in 1.2.2, API 570 applies to piping systems for process fluids, hydrocarbons, and similar flammable or toxic fluid services, such as the following:a) raw, intermediate, and finished petroleum products;b) raw, intermediate, and finished chemical products;c) catalyst lines;d) hydrogen, natural gas, fuel gas, and flare systems;e) sour water and hazardous waste streams above threshold limits, as defined by jurisdictional regulations;f) hazardous chemicals above threshold limits, as defined by jurisdictional regulations;g) cryogenic fluids such as: LN2, LH2, LOX, and liquid air;h) high-pressure gases greater than 150 psig such as: GHe, GH2, GOX, GN2, and HPA.Optional Piping Systems and Fluid ServicesThe fluid services and classes of piping systems listed below are optional with regard to the requirements of API 570.a) Fluid services that are optional include the following:1) hazardous fluid services below threshold limits, as defined by jurisdictional regulations;2) water (including fire protection systems), steam, steam-condensate, boiler feed water, and Category D fluid services, as defined in ASME B31.3.b) Other classes of piping systems that are optional are those that are exempted from the applicable process piping construction code.Fitness-For-Service and Risk-Based Inspection (RBI)This inspection code recognizes Fitness-For-Service concepts for evaluating in-service damage of pressure-containing components. API 579 provides detailed assessment procedures for specific types of damage that are referenced in this code. This inspection code recognizes RBI concepts for determining inspection intervals. API 580 provides guidelines for conducting a risk-based assessment.
API 510 Standand PDF
API 510 Revision / Edition: 9TH Chg: Date: 06/00/06PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTION CODE: IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, RATING, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION
Document Abstract
Coverage
This inspection code covers the in-service inspection, repair, alteration, and rerating activities for pressure vessels and the pressure-relieving devices protecting these vessels. This inspection code applies to all refining and chemical process vessels that have been placed in service unless specifically excluded per 1.2.2. This includes:
a. vessels constructed in accordance with an applicable construction code
b. vessels constructed without a construction code (non-code) A vessel not fabricated to a recognized construction code and meeting no known recognized standard
c. vessels constructed and approved as jurisdictional special based upon jurisdiction acceptance of particular design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and installation
d. non-standard vessels A vessel fabricated to a recognized construction code but has lost its nameplate or stamping.
The ASME Code and other construction codes are written for new construction; however, most of the technical requirements for design, welding, NDE, and materials can be applied to the inspection, rerating, repair, and alteration of in-service pressure vessels. If an item cannot follow the ASME Code because of its new construction orientation, requirements for design, material, fabrication, and inspection shall conform to API 510 rather than to the ASME Code. If in-service vessels are covered by requirements in the ASME Code and API 510 or if there is a conflict between the two codes, the requirements of API 510 shall take precedence. As an example of the intent of API 510, the phrase applicable requirements of the ASME Code has been used in API 510 instead of the phrase in accordance with the ASME Code.
Intent
The application of this inspection code is restricted to owner/users that employ or have access to the following technically qualified individuals and organizations:
a. An authorized inspection agency;
b. A repair organization;
c. An engineer;
d. An inspector; and,
e. Examiners.
Inspectors are to be certified as stated in this inspection code (see Appendix B). Since other codes covering specific industries and general service applications already exist (e.g. NB-23), the refining and petrochemical industry has developed this inspection code to fulfill their own specific requirements for vessels and pressure-relieving devices that fit within the restrictions listed in the scope.
Limitations
Adoption and use of this inspection code does not permit its use in conflict with any prevailing regulatory requirements. However, if the requirements of this code are more stringent than the requirements of the regulation, then the requirements of this code shall govern.
Specific Applications
Exploration and Production Vessels
All pressure vessels used for Exploration and Production (E&P) service [for example, drilling, producing, gathering, transporting, lease processing, and treating liquid petroleum, natural gas, and associated salt water (brine)] may be inspected under the alternative rules set forth in Section 9. Except for Section 6, all of the sections in this inspection code are applicable to pressure vessels in E&P service. The alternative rules in Section 9 are intended for services that may be regulated under safety, spill, emission, or transportation controls by the U.S. Coast Guard; the Office of Hazardous Materials Transportation of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and other units of DOT; the Minerals Management Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior; state and local oil and gas agencies; or any other regulatory commission.
Excluded and Optional Services
The following are excluded from the specific requirements of this inspection code:
a. Pressure vessels on movable structures covered by other jurisdictional regulations (see Appendix A (a)).
b. All classes of containers listed for exemption in the scope of the applicable construction code (see Appendix A (b)).
c. Pressure vessels that do not exceed the volumes and pressures listed in Appendix A (c).
Recognized Technical Concepts
This inspection code recognizes fitness-for-service concepts for evaluating in-service damage of pressure-containing components. API 579 provides detailed assessment procedures for specific types of damage that are referenced in this code.
This inspection code recognizes risk-based inspection (RBI) concepts for determining inspection intervals. API 580 provides guidelines for conducting a risk-based assessment.
Document Abstract
Coverage
This inspection code covers the in-service inspection, repair, alteration, and rerating activities for pressure vessels and the pressure-relieving devices protecting these vessels. This inspection code applies to all refining and chemical process vessels that have been placed in service unless specifically excluded per 1.2.2. This includes:
a. vessels constructed in accordance with an applicable construction code
b. vessels constructed without a construction code (non-code) A vessel not fabricated to a recognized construction code and meeting no known recognized standard
c. vessels constructed and approved as jurisdictional special based upon jurisdiction acceptance of particular design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and installation
d. non-standard vessels A vessel fabricated to a recognized construction code but has lost its nameplate or stamping.
The ASME Code and other construction codes are written for new construction; however, most of the technical requirements for design, welding, NDE, and materials can be applied to the inspection, rerating, repair, and alteration of in-service pressure vessels. If an item cannot follow the ASME Code because of its new construction orientation, requirements for design, material, fabrication, and inspection shall conform to API 510 rather than to the ASME Code. If in-service vessels are covered by requirements in the ASME Code and API 510 or if there is a conflict between the two codes, the requirements of API 510 shall take precedence. As an example of the intent of API 510, the phrase applicable requirements of the ASME Code has been used in API 510 instead of the phrase in accordance with the ASME Code.
Intent
The application of this inspection code is restricted to owner/users that employ or have access to the following technically qualified individuals and organizations:
a. An authorized inspection agency;
b. A repair organization;
c. An engineer;
d. An inspector; and,
e. Examiners.
Inspectors are to be certified as stated in this inspection code (see Appendix B). Since other codes covering specific industries and general service applications already exist (e.g. NB-23), the refining and petrochemical industry has developed this inspection code to fulfill their own specific requirements for vessels and pressure-relieving devices that fit within the restrictions listed in the scope.
Limitations
Adoption and use of this inspection code does not permit its use in conflict with any prevailing regulatory requirements. However, if the requirements of this code are more stringent than the requirements of the regulation, then the requirements of this code shall govern.
Specific Applications
Exploration and Production Vessels
All pressure vessels used for Exploration and Production (E&P) service [for example, drilling, producing, gathering, transporting, lease processing, and treating liquid petroleum, natural gas, and associated salt water (brine)] may be inspected under the alternative rules set forth in Section 9. Except for Section 6, all of the sections in this inspection code are applicable to pressure vessels in E&P service. The alternative rules in Section 9 are intended for services that may be regulated under safety, spill, emission, or transportation controls by the U.S. Coast Guard; the Office of Hazardous Materials Transportation of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and other units of DOT; the Minerals Management Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior; state and local oil and gas agencies; or any other regulatory commission.
Excluded and Optional Services
The following are excluded from the specific requirements of this inspection code:
a. Pressure vessels on movable structures covered by other jurisdictional regulations (see Appendix A (a)).
b. All classes of containers listed for exemption in the scope of the applicable construction code (see Appendix A (b)).
c. Pressure vessels that do not exceed the volumes and pressures listed in Appendix A (c).
Recognized Technical Concepts
This inspection code recognizes fitness-for-service concepts for evaluating in-service damage of pressure-containing components. API 579 provides detailed assessment procedures for specific types of damage that are referenced in this code.
This inspection code recognizes risk-based inspection (RBI) concepts for determining inspection intervals. API 580 provides guidelines for conducting a risk-based assessment.
API 2B-2002
Specification for the Fabrication of Structural Steel Pipe Edition: 6th
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Jul-2002 / 19 pages FOREWORD
API 2B-2002 specification is under the jurisdiction of the API Committee on Standardization of
Offshore Structures. The purpose of this specification is to provide standards for the fabrication of structural steel pipe formed from plate steel and suitable for use in construction of welded offshore structures.
This specification shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be
used voluntarily from the date of distribution.
Fabricators interested in obtaining a monogram license should either write the API
office 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005 for an application package or a copy of the Composite List of Manufacturers Licensed for Use of the API Monogram, Product No.G00006.
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict.
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Jul-2002 / 19 pages FOREWORD
API 2B-2002 specification is under the jurisdiction of the API Committee on Standardization of
Offshore Structures. The purpose of this specification is to provide standards for the fabrication of structural steel pipe formed from plate steel and suitable for use in construction of welded offshore structures.
This specification shall become effective on the date printed on the cover but may be
used voluntarily from the date of distribution.
Fabricators interested in obtaining a monogram license should either write the API
office 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005 for an application package or a copy of the Composite List of Manufacturers Licensed for Use of the API Monogram, Product No.G00006.
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict.
API RP 1133
API RP 1133 Guidelines for Onshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines Affecting High Consequence Floodplains, First Edition (R2010) Edition: 1st
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Feb-2005 / 22pagesScope
This recommended practice (RP) sets out criteria for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and abandonment of onshore pipelines that could affect high consequence
floodplains and associated commercially navigable waterways.This RP applies only to steel pipelines that transport gas, hazardous liquids, alcohols or carbon dioxide.
The design, construction, inspection and testing provisions of this RP should not apply to pipelines that were designed or installed prior to the latest revision of this publication. The
operation and maintenance provisions of this RP should apply to existing facilities.
The contents in this RP should not be considered a fixed rule for application without regard to sound engineering judgment.
American Petroleum Institute / 01-Feb-2005 / 22pagesScope
This recommended practice (RP) sets out criteria for the design, construction, operation, maintenance and abandonment of onshore pipelines that could affect high consequence
floodplains and associated commercially navigable waterways.This RP applies only to steel pipelines that transport gas, hazardous liquids, alcohols or carbon dioxide.
The design, construction, inspection and testing provisions of this RP should not apply to pipelines that were designed or installed prior to the latest revision of this publication. The
operation and maintenance provisions of this RP should apply to existing facilities.
The contents in this RP should not be considered a fixed rule for application without regard to sound engineering judgment.
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